;;; -*- Log: code.log; Package: Lisp -*-
;;;
;;; **********************************************************************
;;; This code was written as part of the CMU Common Lisp project at
;;; Carnegie Mellon University, and has been placed in the public domain.
;;;
(ext:file-comment
  "$Header: /project/cmucl/cvsroot/src/code/list.lisp,v 1.35 2005-05-10 17:58:06 rtoy Exp $")
;;;
;;; **********************************************************************
;;;
;;; Functions to implement lists for Spice Lisp.
;;; Written by Joe Ginder and Carl Ebeling.
;;; Rewritten and currently maintained by Skef Wholey.
;;; 
;;; Nsublis, things at the beginning broken.
;;;
;;; The list functions are part of the standard Spice Lisp environment.
;;;
;;; **********************************************************************
;;;
(in-package "LISP")

(export '(car cdr caar
	  cadr cdar cddr caaar caadr cadar caddr cdaar cdadr
	  cddar cdddr caaaar caaadr caadar caaddr cadaar cadadr
	  caddar cadddr cdaaar cdaadr cdadar cdaddr cddaar cddadr
	  cdddar cddddr cons tree-equal endp list-length nth first
	  second third fourth fifth sixth seventh eighth
	  ninth tenth rest nthcdr last list list* make-list
	  append copy-list copy-alist copy-tree revappend nconc
	  nreconc butlast nbutlast ldiff rplaca rplacd subst
	  subst-if subst-if-not nsubst nsubst-if nsubst-if-not sublis nsublis
	  member member-if member-if-not tailp adjoin union
	  nunion intersection nintersection set-difference
	  nset-difference set-exclusive-or nset-exclusive-or subsetp
	  acons pairlis
	  assoc assoc-if assoc-if-not
	  rassoc rassoc-if rassoc-if-not
	  complement constantly))

(declaim (maybe-inline
	  tree-equal list-length nth %setnth nthcdr last make-list append
	  copy-list copy-alist copy-tree revappend nconc nreconc butlast
	  nbutlast ldiff member member-if member-if-not tailp adjoin union
	  nunion intersection nintersection set-difference nset-difference
	  set-exclusive-or nset-exclusive-or subsetp acons pairlis assoc
	  assoc-if assoc-if-not rassoc rassoc-if rassoc-if-not subst subst-if
	  subst-if-not nsubst nsubst-if nsubst-if-not sublis nsublis))


(in-package "EXTENSIONS")
(export '(assq memq delq))
(declaim (maybe-inline delq))
(in-package "LISP")


;;; These functions perform basic list operations:

(defun car (list) "Returns the 1st object in a list." (car list))
(defun cdr (list) "Returns all but the first object." (cdr list))
(defun cadr (list) "Returns the 2nd object in a list." (cadr list))
(defun cdar (list) "Returns the cdr of the 1st sublist." (cdar list))
(defun caar (list) "Returns the car of the 1st sublist." (caar list))
(defun cddr (list) "Returns all but the 1st two objects of a list." (cddr list))
(defun caddr (list) "Returns the 1st object in the cddr of a list." (caddr list))
(defun caadr (list) "Returns the 1st object in the cadr of a list." (caadr list))
(defun caaar (list) "Returns the 1st object in the caar of a list." (caaar list))
(defun cdaar (list) "Returns the cdr of the caar of a list." (cdaar list))
(defun cddar (list) "Returns the cdr of the cdar of a list." (cddar list))
(defun cdddr (list) "Returns the cdr of the cddr of a list." (cdddr list))
(defun cadar (list) "Returns the car of the cdar of a list." (cadar list))
(defun cdadr (list) "Returns the cdr of the cadr of a list." (cdadr list))
(defun caaaar (list) "Returns the car of the caaar of a list." (caaaar list))
(defun caaadr (list) "Returns the car of the caadr of a list." (caaadr list))
(defun caaddr (list) "Returns the car of the caddr of a list." (caaddr list))
(defun cadddr (list) "Returns the car of the cdddr of a list." (cadddr list))
(defun cddddr (list) "Returns the cdr of the cdddr of a list." (cddddr list))
(defun cdaaar (list) "Returns the cdr of the caaar of a list." (cdaaar list))
(defun cddaar (list) "Returns the cdr of the cdaar of a list." (cddaar list))
(defun cdddar (list) "Returns the cdr of the cddar of a list." (cdddar list))
(defun caadar (list) "Returns the car of the cadar of a list." (caadar list))
(defun cadaar (list) "Returns the car of the cdaar of a list." (cadaar list))
(defun cadadr (list) "Returns the car of the cdadr of a list." (cadadr list))
(defun caddar (list) "Returns the car of the cddar of a list." (caddar list))
(defun cdaadr (list) "Returns the cdr of the caadr of a list." (cdaadr list))
(defun cdadar (list) "Returns the cdr of the cadar of a list." (cdadar list))
(defun cdaddr (list) "Returns the cdr of the caddr of a list." (cdaddr list))
(defun cddadr (list) "Returns the cdr of the cdadr of a list." (cddadr list))
(defun cons (se1 se2) "Returns a list with se1 as the car and se2 as the cdr."
                      (cons se1 se2))


(declaim (maybe-inline tree-equal-test tree-equal-test-not))

(defun tree-equal-test-not (x y test-not)
  (cond ((consp x)
	 (and (consp y)
	      (tree-equal-test-not (car x) (car y) test-not)
	      (tree-equal-test-not (cdr x) (cdr y) test-not)))
	((consp y) nil)
	((not (funcall test-not x y)) t)
	(t ())))

(defun tree-equal-test (x y test)
  (cond	((consp x)
	 (and (consp y)
	      (tree-equal-test (car x) (car y) test)
	      (tree-equal-test (cdr x) (cdr y) test)))
	((consp y) nil)
	((funcall test x y) t)
	(t ())))

(defun tree-equal (x y &key (test #'eql) test-not)
  "Returns T if X and Y are isomorphic trees with identical leaves."
  (if test-not
      (tree-equal-test-not x y test-not)
      (tree-equal-test x y test)))


(defun endp (object)
  "The recommended way to test for the end of a list.  True if Object is nil,
   false if Object is a cons, and an error for any other types of arguments."
  (endp object))

(defun list-length (list)
  "Returns the length of the given List, or Nil if the List is circular."
  (do ((n 0 (+ n 2))
       (y list (cddr y))
       (z list (cdr z)))
      (())
    (declare (fixnum n) (list y z))
    (when (endp y) (return n))
    (when (endp (cdr y)) (return (+ n 1)))
    (when (and (eq y z) (> n 0)) (return nil))))

(defun nth (n list)
  "Returns the nth object in a list where the car is the zero-th element."
  (car (nthcdr n list)))

(defun first (list)
  "Returns the 1st object in a list or NIL if the list is empty."
  (car list))
(defun second (list)
  "Returns the 2nd object in a list or NIL if there is no 2nd object."
  (cadr list))
(defun third (list)
  "Returns the 3rd object in a list or NIL if there is no 3rd object."
  (caddr list))
(defun fourth (list)
  "Returns the 4th object in a list or NIL if there is no 4th object."
  (cadddr list))
(defun fifth (list)
  "Returns the 5th object in a list or NIL if there is no 5th object."
  (car (cddddr list)))
(defun sixth (list)
  "Returns the 6th object in a list or NIL if there is no 6th object."
  (cadr (cddddr list)))
(defun seventh (list)
  "Returns the 7th object in a list or NIL if there is no 7th object."
  (caddr (cddddr list)))
(defun eighth (list)
  "Returns the 8th object in a list or NIL if there is no 8th object."
  (cadddr (cddddr list)))
(defun ninth (list)
  "Returns the 9th object in a list or NIL if there is no 9th object."
  (car (cddddr (cddddr list))))
(defun tenth (list)
  "Returns the 10th object in a list or NIL if there is no 10th object."
  (cadr (cddddr (cddddr list))))
(defun rest (list)
  "Means the same as the cdr of a list."
  (cdr list))

(defun nthcdr (n list)
  "Performs the cdr function n times on a list."
  (flet ((fast-nthcdr (n list)
           (declare (type index n))
           (do ((i n (1- i))
                (result list (cdr result)))
               ((not (plusp i)) result)
             (declare (type index i)))))
    (typecase n
      (index (fast-nthcdr n list))
      (t (do ((i 0 (1+ i))
              (r-i list (cdr r-i))
              (r-2i list (cddr r-2i)))
             ((and (eq r-i r-2i) (not (zerop i)))
              (fast-nthcdr (mod n i) r-i))
           (declare (type index i)))))))

(defun last (list &optional (n 1))
  "Returns the last N conses (not the last element!) of a list."
  (declare (type unsigned-byte n))
  (if (typep n 'index)
      (do ((checked-list list (cdr checked-list))
	   (returned-list list)
	   (index 0 (1+ index)))
	  ((atom checked-list) returned-list)
	(declare (type index index))
	(if (>= index n)
	    (pop returned-list)))
      list))

(defun list (&rest args)
  "Returns constructs and returns a list of its arguments."
  args)

;;; List* is done the same as list, except that the last cons is made a
;;; dotted pair

(defun list* (arg &rest others)
  "Returns a list of the arguments with last cons a dotted pair"
  (cond ((atom others) arg)
	((atom (cdr others)) (cons arg (car others)))
	(t (do ((x others (cdr x)))
	       ((null (cddr x)) (rplacd x (cadr x))))
	   (cons arg others))))

(defun make-list (size &key initial-element)
  "Constructs a list with size elements each set to value"
  (declare (type index size))
  (do ((count size (1- count))
       (result '() (cons initial-element result)))
      ((zerop count) result)
    (declare (type index count))))


;; Test if LIST is a proper list.  If so, the length of the list is
;; returned.
(defun proper-list-p (list)
  ;; Basically the same as LIST-LENGTH, but with a few extra checks.
  (do ((n 0 (+ n 2))
       (y list (cddr y))
       (z list (cdr z)))
      (nil)
    (declare (fixnum n) (list y z))
    (unless (listp y)
      (return nil))
    (when (endp y) (return n))
    (unless (listp (cdr y))
      (return nil))
    (when (endp (cdr y)) (return (+ n 1)))
    (when (and (eq y z) (> n 0)) (return nil))))

;; Signal a simple-type-error that LIST is not a proper list.
(defun not-proper-list-error (list)
  (error 'simple-type-error
	 :datum list
	 :expected-type '(satisfies proper-list-p)
	 :format-control "~S is not a proper list"
	 :format-arguments (list list)))

;;; The outer loop finds the first non-null list and the result is started.
;;; The remaining lists in the arguments are tacked to the end of the result
;;; using splice which cdr's down the end of the new list

(defun append (&rest lists)
  "Construct a new list by concatenating the list arguments"
  (do ((top lists (cdr top)))	 ;;Cdr to first non-null list.
      ((atom top) '())
    (cond ((null (car top)))				; Nil -> Keep looping
	  ((not (consp (car top)))			; Non cons
	   (if (cdr top)
	       (error "~S is not a list." (car top))
	       (return (car top))))
	  (t						; Start appending
	   (return
	     (if (atom (cdr top))
		 (car top)    ;;Special case.
		 (let* ((result (cons (caar top) '())) 
			(splice result))
		   (do ((x (cdar top) (cdr x)))  ;;Copy first list
		       ((atom x)
			(unless (null x)
			  (not-proper-list-error (car top))))
		     (setq splice
			   (cdr (rplacd splice (cons (car x) ()) ))) )
		   (do ((y (cdr top) (cdr y)))	 ;;Copy rest of lists.
		       ((atom (cdr y))
			(setq splice (rplacd splice (car y)))
			result)
		     (if (listp (car y))
			 (do ((x (car y) (cdr x)))   ;;Inner copy loop.
			     ((atom x)
			      (unless (null x)
				(not-proper-list-error (car y))))
			   (setq
			    splice
			    (cdr (rplacd splice (cons (car x) ())))))
			 (error "~S is not a list." (car y)))))))))))
  

;;; List Copying Functions

;;; The list is copied correctly even if the list is not terminated by ()
;;; The new list is built by cdr'ing splice which is always at the tail
;;; of the new list

(defun copy-list (list)
  "Returns a new list EQUAL but not EQ to list"
  (if (atom list)
      list
      (let ((result (list (car list))))
	(do ((x (cdr list) (cdr x))
	     (splice result
		     (cdr (rplacd splice (cons (car x) '() ))) ))
	    ((atom x)
	     (unless (null x)
	       (rplacd splice x))))
	result)))

(defun copy-alist (alist)
  "Returns a new association list equal to alist, constructed in space"
  (if (atom alist)
      alist
      (let ((result
	     (cons (if (atom (car alist))
		       (car alist)
		       (cons (caar alist) (cdar alist)) )
		   nil)))
	(do ((x (cdr alist) (cdr x))
	     (splice result
		     (cdr (rplacd splice
				  (cons
				   (if (atom (car x)) 
				       (car x)
				       (cons (caar x) (cdar x)))
				   nil)))))
	    ((atom x)
	     (unless (null x)
	       (not-proper-list-error alist))))
	result)))

(defun copy-tree (object)
  "Copy-Tree recursively copys trees of conses."
  (if (consp object)
      (cons (copy-tree (car object)) (copy-tree (cdr object)))
      object))


;;; More Commonly-used List Functions

(defun revappend (x y)
  "Returns (append (reverse x) y)"
  (do ((top x (cdr top))
       (result y (cons (car top) result)))
      ((endp top) result)))

;;; NCONC finds the first non-null list, so it can make splice point to a cons.
;;; After finding the first cons element, it holds it in a result variable
;;; while running down successive elements tacking them together.  While
;;; tacking lists together, if we encounter a null list, we set the previous
;;; list's last cdr to nil just in case it wasn't already nil, and it could
;;; have been dotted while the null list was the last argument to NCONC.  The
;;; manipulation of splice (that is starting it out on a first cons, setting
;;; LAST of splice, and setting splice to ele) inherently handles (nconc x x),
;;; and it avoids running down the last argument to NCONC which allows the last
;;; argument to be circular.
;;;
(defun nconc (&rest lists)
  "Concatenates the lists given as arguments (by changing them)"
  (do ((top lists (cdr top)))
      ((null top) nil)
    (let ((top-of-top (car top)))
      (typecase top-of-top
	(cons
	 (let* ((result top-of-top)
		(splice result))
	   (do ((elements (cdr top) (cdr elements)))
	       ((endp elements))
	     (let ((ele (car elements)))
	       (typecase ele
		 (cons (rplacd (last splice) ele)
		       (setf splice ele))
		 (null (rplacd (last splice) nil))
		 (atom (if (cdr elements)
			   (error "Argument is not a list -- ~S." ele)
			   (rplacd (last splice) ele)))
		 (t (error "Argument is not a list -- ~S." ele)))))
	   (return result)))
	(null)
	(atom
	 (if (cdr top)
	     (error "Argument is not a list -- ~S." top-of-top)
	     (return top-of-top)))
	(t (error "Argument is not a list -- ~S." top-of-top))))))

(defun nreconc (x y)
  "Returns (nconc (nreverse x) y)"
  (do ((1st (cdr x) (if (atom 1st) 1st (cdr 1st)))
       (2nd x 1st)		;2nd follows first down the list.
       (3rd y 2nd))		;3rd follows 2nd down the list.
      ((atom 2nd)
       (if 2nd
	   ;; KLUDGE.  The datum here is wrong.  We really want X, but
	   ;; we've already trashed it by the time we get here.  So
	   ;; use 2nd.  (We could check X before doing anything, but
	   ;; that makes this more expensive, so we don't.)
	   (error 'simple-type-error
		  :datum 2nd
		  :expected-type 'list
		  :format-control "First argument is not a proper list."
		  :format-arguments nil)
	   3rd))
    (rplacd 2nd 3rd)))

(defun butlast (list &optional (n 1))
  "Returns a new list the same as List without the last N conses.
   List must not be circular."
  (declare (list list) (type unsigned-byte n))
  (when (and list (typep n 'index))
    (let ((length (do ((list list (cdr list))
		       (i 0 (1+ i)))
		      ((atom list) (1- i)))))
      (declare (type index length))
      (unless (< length n)
	(do* ((top (cdr list) (cdr top))
	      (result (list (car list)))
	      (splice result)
	      (count length (1- count)))
	     ((= count n) result)
	  (declare (type index count))
	  (setq splice (cdr (rplacd splice (list (car top))))))))))

(defun nbutlast (list &optional (n 1))
  "Modifies List to remove the last N conses. List must not be circular."
  (declare (list list) (type unsigned-byte n))
  (when (and list (typep n 'index))
    (let ((length (do ((list list (cdr list))
		       (i 0 (1+ i)))
		      ((atom list) (1- i)))))
      (declare (type index length))
      (unless (< length n)
	(do ((1st (cdr list) (cdr 1st))
	     (2nd list 1st)
	     (count length (1- count)))
	    ((= count n)
	     (rplacd 2nd ())
	     list)
	  (declare (type index count)))))))

(defun ldiff (list object)
  "Returns a new list, whose elements are those of List that appear before
   Object.  If Object is not a tail of List, a copy of List is returned.
   List must be a proper list or a dotted list."
  (do* ((list list (cdr list))
	(result (list ()))
	(splice result))
       ((atom list)
	(if (eql list object)
	    (cdr result)
	    (progn (rplacd splice list) (cdr result))))
    (if (eql list object)
	(return (cdr result))
	(setq splice (cdr (rplacd splice (list (car list))))))))

;;; Functions to alter list structure

(defun rplaca (x y)
  "Changes the car of x to y and returns the new x."
  (rplaca x y))

(defun rplacd (x y)
  "Changes the cdr of x to y and returns the new x."
  (rplacd x y))

;;; The following are for use by SETF.

(defun %rplaca (x val) (rplaca x val) val)

(defun %rplacd (x val) (rplacd x val) val)

(defun %setnth (n list newval)
  (declare (type index n))
  "Sets the Nth element of List (zero based) to Newval."
  (do ((count n (1- count))
       (list list (cdr list)))
      ((endp list)
       (error "~S is too large an index for SETF of NTH." n))
    (declare (fixnum count))
    (when (<= count 0)
      (rplaca list newval)
      (return newval))))


;;;; :key arg optimization to save funcall of IDENTITY.

;;; APPLY-KEY saves us a function call sometimes.
;;;    This is not in and (eval-when (compile eval) ...
;;;    because this is used in seq.lisp and sort.lisp.
;;;
(defmacro apply-key (key element)
  `(if ,key
       (funcall ,key ,element)
       ,element))

(defun identity (thing)
  "Returns what was passed to it."
  thing)


(defun complement (function)
  "Builds a new function that returns T whenever FUNCTION returns NIL and
   NIL whenever FUNCTION returns T."
  #'(lambda (&optional (arg0 nil arg0-p) (arg1 nil arg1-p) (arg2 nil arg2-p)
		       &rest more-args)
      (not (cond (more-args (apply function arg0 arg1 arg2 more-args))
		 (arg2-p (funcall function arg0 arg1 arg2))
		 (arg1-p (funcall function arg0 arg1))
		 (arg0-p (funcall function arg0))
		 (t (funcall function))))))


(defun constantly (value &optional (val1 nil val1-p) (val2 nil val2-p)
			 &rest more-values)
  "Builds a function that always returns VALUE, and posisbly MORE-VALUES."
  (cond (more-values
	 (let ((list (list* value val1 val2 more-values)))
	   #'(lambda ()
	       (declare (ext:optimize-interface (speed 3) (safety 0)))
	       (values-list list))))
	(val2-p
	 #'(lambda ()
	     (declare (ext:optimize-interface (speed 3) (safety 0)))
	     (values value val1 val2)))
	(val1-p
	 #'(lambda ()
	     (declare (ext:optimize-interface (speed 3) (safety 0)))
	     (values value val1)))
	(t
	 #'(lambda ()
	     (declare (ext:optimize-interface (speed 3) (safety 0)))
	     value))))


;;;; Macros for (&key (key #'identity) (test #'eql testp) (test-not nil notp)).
;;; Use these with the following keyword args:
;;;
(defmacro with-set-keys (funcall)
  `(cond ((and testp notp) (error "Test and test-not both supplied."))
	 (notp ,(append funcall '(:key key :test-not test-not)))
	 (t ,(append funcall '(:key key :test test)))))

(defmacro satisfies-the-test (item elt)
  (let ((key-tmp (gensym)))
    `(let ((,key-tmp (apply-key key ,elt)))
      (cond (testp (funcall test ,item ,key-tmp))
	    (notp (not (funcall test-not ,item ,key-tmp)))
	    (t (funcall test ,item ,key-tmp))))))


;;; Substitution of expressions



(defun subst (new old tree &key key (test #'eql testp) (test-not nil notp))
  "Substitutes new for subtrees matching old."
  (labels ((s (subtree)
	      (cond ((satisfies-the-test old subtree) new)
		    ((atom subtree) subtree)
		    (t (let ((car (s (car subtree)))
			     (cdr (s (cdr subtree))))
			 (if (and (eq car (car subtree))
				  (eq cdr (cdr subtree)))
			     subtree
			     (cons car cdr)))))))
    (s tree)))

(defun subst-if (new test tree &key key)
  "Substitutes new for subtrees for which test is true."
  (labels ((s (subtree)
	      (cond ((funcall test (apply-key key subtree)) new)
		    ((atom subtree) subtree)
		    (t (let ((car (s (car subtree)))
			     (cdr (s (cdr subtree))))
			 (if (and (eq car (car subtree))
				  (eq cdr (cdr subtree)))
			     subtree
			     (cons car cdr)))))))
    (s tree)))

(defun subst-if-not (new test tree &key key)
  "Substitutes new for subtrees for which test is false."
  (labels ((s (subtree)
	      (cond ((not (funcall test (apply-key key subtree))) new)
		    ((atom subtree) subtree)
		    (t (let ((car (s (car subtree)))
			     (cdr (s (cdr subtree))))
			 (if (and (eq car (car subtree))
				  (eq cdr (cdr subtree)))
			     subtree
			     (cons car cdr)))))))
    (s tree)))

(defun nsubst (new old tree &key key (test #'eql testp) (test-not nil notp))
  "Substitutes new for subtrees matching old."
  (labels ((s (subtree)
	      (cond ((satisfies-the-test old subtree) new)
		    ((atom subtree) subtree)
		    (t (do* ((last nil subtree)
			     (subtree subtree (Cdr subtree)))
			    ((atom subtree)
			     (if (satisfies-the-test old subtree)
				 (setf (cdr last) new)))
			 (if (satisfies-the-test old subtree)
			     (return (setf (cdr last) new))
			     (setf (car subtree) (s (car subtree)))))
		       subtree))))
    (s tree)))

(defun nsubst-if (new test tree &key key)
  "Substitutes new for subtrees of tree for which test is true."
  (labels ((s (subtree)
	      (cond ((funcall test (apply-key key subtree)) new)
		    ((atom subtree) subtree)
		    (t (do* ((last nil subtree)
			     (subtree subtree (Cdr subtree)))
			    ((atom subtree)
			     (if (funcall test (apply-key key subtree))
				 (setf (cdr last) new)))
			 (if (funcall test (apply-key key subtree))
			     (return (setf (cdr last) new))
			     (setf (car subtree) (s (car subtree)))))
		       subtree))))
    (s tree)))

(defun nsubst-if-not (new test tree &key key)
  "Substitutes new for subtrees of tree for which test is false."
  (labels ((s (subtree)
	      (cond ((not (funcall test (apply-key key subtree))) new)
		    ((atom subtree) subtree)
		    (t (do* ((last nil subtree)
			     (subtree subtree (Cdr subtree)))
			    ((atom subtree)
			     (if (not (funcall test (apply-key key subtree)))
				 (setf (cdr last) new)))
			 (if (not (funcall test (apply-key key subtree)))
			     (return (setf (cdr last) new))
			     (setf (car subtree) (s (car subtree)))))
		       subtree))))
    (s tree)))




(defun sublis (alist tree &key key (test #'eql) (test-not nil notp))
  "Substitutes from alist into tree nondestructively."
  (declare (inline assoc))
  (labels ((s (subtree)
	     (let* ((key-val (apply-key key subtree))
		    (assoc (if notp
			       (assoc key-val alist :test-not test-not)
			       (assoc key-val alist :test test))))
	       (cond (assoc (cdr assoc))
		     ((atom subtree) subtree)
		     (t (let ((car (s (car subtree)))
			      (cdr (s (cdr subtree))))
			  (if (and (eq car (car subtreE))
				   (eq cdr (cdr subtree)))
			      subtree
			      (cons car cdr))))))))
    (s tree)))

;;; In run-time env, since can be referenced in line expansions.
(defmacro nsublis-macro ()
  (let ((key-tmp (gensym)))
    `(let ((,key-tmp (apply-key key subtree)))
      (if notp
	  (assoc ,key-tmp alist :test-not test-not)
	  (assoc ,key-tmp alist :test test)))))

(defun nsublis (alist tree &key key (test #'eql) (test-not nil notp))
  "Substitutes new for subtrees matching old."
  (declare (inline assoc))
  (let (temp)
    (labels ((s (subtree)
		(cond ((Setq temp (nsublis-macro))
		       (cdr temp))
		      ((atom subtree) subtree)
		      (t (do* ((last nil subtree)
			       (subtree subtree (Cdr subtree)))
			      ((atom subtree)
			       (if (setq temp (nsublis-macro))
				   (setf (cdr last) (cdr temp))))
			   (if (setq temp (nsublis-macro))
			       (return (setf (Cdr last) (Cdr temp)))
			       (setf (car subtree) (s (car subtree)))))
			 subtree))))
      (s tree))))


;;;; Functions for using lists as sets

(defun member (item list &key key (test #'eql testp) (test-not nil notp))
  "Returns tail of list beginning with first element satisfying EQLity,
   :test, or :test-not with a given item."
  (do ((list list (cdr list)))
      ((null list) nil)
    (let ((car (car list)))
      (if (satisfies-the-test item car)
	  (return list)))))

(defun member-if (test list &key key)
  "Returns tail of list beginning with first element satisfying test(element)"
  (do ((list list (Cdr list)))
      ((endp list) nil)
    (if (funcall test (apply-key key (car list)))
	(return list))))

(defun member-if-not (test list &key key)
  "Returns tail of list beginning with first element not satisfying test(el)"
  (do ((list list (cdr list)))
      ((endp list) ())
    (if (not (funcall test (apply-key key (car list))))
	(return list))))

(defun tailp (object list)
  "Returns true if Object is the same as some tail of List, otherwise
   returns false. List must be a proper list or a dotted list."
  (do ((list list (cdr list)))
      ((atom list) (eql list object))
    (if (eql object list)
	(return t))))

(defun adjoin (item list &key key (test #'eql) (test-not nil notp))
  "Add item to list unless it is already a member"
  (declare (inline member))
  (if (let ((key-val (apply-key key item)))
	(if notp
	    (member key-val list :test-not test-not :key key)
	    (member key-val list :test test :key key)))
      list
      (cons item list)))


;;; UNION -- Public.
;;;
;;; This function assumes list2 is the result, adding to it from list1 as
;;; necessary.  List2 must initialize the result value, so the call to MEMBER
;;; will apply the test to the elements from list1 and list2 in the correct
;;; order.
;;;
(defun union (list1 list2 &key key (test #'eql testp) (test-not nil notp))
  "Returns the union of list1 and list2."
  (declare (inline member))
  (when (and testp notp) (error "Test and test-not both supplied."))
  (let ((res list2))
    (dolist (elt list1)
      (unless (with-set-keys (member (apply-key key elt) list2))
	(push elt res)))
    res))

;;; Destination and source are setf-able and many-evaluable.  Sets the source
;;; to the cdr, and "conses" the 1st elt of source to destination.
;;;
(defmacro steve-splice (source destination)
  `(let ((temp ,source))
     (setf ,source (cdr ,source)
	   (cdr temp) ,destination
	   ,destination temp)))

(defun nunion (list1 list2 &key key (test #'eql testp) (test-not nil notp))
  "Destructively returns the union list1 and list2."
  (declare (inline member))
  (if (and testp notp)
      (error "Test and test-not both supplied."))
  (let ((res list2)
	(list1 list1))
    (do ()
	((endp list1))
      (if (not (with-set-keys (member (apply-key key (car list1)) list2)))
	  (steve-splice list1 res)
	  (setf list1 (cdr list1))))
    res))
  

(defun intersection (list1 list2 &key key
			   (test #'eql testp) (test-not nil notp))
  "Returns the intersection of list1 and list2."
  (declare (inline member))
  (if (and testp notp)
      (error "Test and test-not both supplied."))
  (let ((res nil))
    (dolist (elt list1)
      (if (with-set-keys (member (apply-key key elt) list2))
	  (push elt res)))
    res))

(defun nintersection (list1 list2 &key key
			    (test #'eql testp) (test-not nil notp))
  "Destructively returns the intersection of list1 and list2."
  (declare (inline member))
  (if (and testp notp)
      (error "Test and test-not both supplied."))
  (let ((res nil)
	(list1 list1))
    (do () ((endp list1))
      (if (with-set-keys (member (apply-key key (car list1)) list2))
	  (steve-splice list1 res)
	  (setq list1 (Cdr list1))))
    res))

(defun set-difference (list1 list2 &key key
			     (test #'eql testp) (test-not nil notp))
  "Returns the elements of list1 which are not in list2."
  (declare (inline member))
  (if (and testp notp)
      (error "Test and test-not both supplied."))
  (if (null list2)
      list1
      (let ((res nil))
	(dolist (elt list1)
	  (if (not (with-set-keys (member (apply-key key elt) list2)))
	      (push elt res)))
	res)))


(defun nset-difference (list1 list2 &key key
			      (test #'eql testp) (test-not nil notp))
  "Destructively returns the elements of list1 which are not in list2."
  (declare (inline member))
  (if (and testp notp)
      (error "Test and test-not both supplied."))
  (let ((res nil)
	(list1 list1))
    (do () ((endp list1))
      (if (not (with-set-keys (member (apply-key key (car list1)) list2)))
	  (steve-splice list1 res)
	  (setq list1 (cdr list1))))
    res))


(defun set-exclusive-or (list1 list2 &key key
                         (test #'eql testp) (test-not nil notp))
  "Return new list of elements appearing exactly once in LIST1 and LIST2."
  (declare (inline member))
  (let ((result nil)
        (key (when key (coerce key 'function)))
        (test (coerce test 'function))
        (test-not (if test-not (coerce test-not 'function) #'eql)))
    (declare (type (or function null) key)
             (type function test test-not))
    (dolist (elt list1)
      (unless (with-set-keys (member (apply-key key elt) list2))
	(setq result (cons elt result))))
    (let ((test (if testp
                    (lambda (x y) (funcall test y x))
                    test))
          (test-not (if notp
                        (lambda (x y) (funcall test-not y x))
                        test-not)))
      (dolist (elt list2)
        (unless (with-set-keys (member (apply-key key elt) list1))
          (setq result (cons elt result)))))
    result))


;;; The outer loop examines list1 while the inner loop examines list2. If an
;;; element is found in list2 "equal" to the element in list1, both are
;;; spliced out. When the end of list1 is reached, what is left of list2 is
;;; tacked onto what is left of list1.  The splicing operation ensures that
;;; the correct operation is performed depending on whether splice is at the
;;; top of the list or not.

(defun nset-exclusive-or (list1 list2
				&key key (test #'eql testp) (test-not #'eql notp))
  "Destructively return a list with elements which appear but once in LIST1
   and LIST2."
  (when (and testp notp)
    (error ":TEST and :TEST-NOT were both supplied."))
  ;; The outer loop examines LIST1 while the inner loop examines
  ;; LIST2. If an element is found in LIST2 "equal" to the element
  ;; in LIST1, both are spliced out. When the end of LIST1 is
  ;; reached, what is left of LIST2 is tacked onto what is left of
  ;; LIST1. The splicing operation ensures that the correct
  ;; operation is performed depending on whether splice is at the
  ;; top of the list or not.
  (do ((list1 list1)
       (list2 list2)
       (x list1 (cdr x))
       (splicex ())
       ;; elements of LIST2, which are "equal" to some processed
       ;; earlier elements of LIST1
       (deleted-y ()))
      ((endp x)
       (if (null splicex)
	   (setq list1 list2)
	   (rplacd splicex list2))
       list1)
    (let ((key-val-x (apply-key key (car x)))
	  (found-duplicate nil))

      ;; Move all elements from LIST2, which are "equal" to (CAR X),
      ;; to DELETED-Y.
      (do* ((y list2 next-y)
	    (next-y (cdr y) (cdr y))
	    (splicey ()))
	   ((endp y))
	(cond ((let ((key-val-y (apply-key key (car y))))
		 (if notp
		     (not (funcall test-not key-val-x key-val-y))
		     (funcall test key-val-x key-val-y)))
	       (if (null splicey)
		   (setq list2 (cdr y))
		   (rplacd splicey (cdr y)))
	       (setq deleted-y (rplacd y deleted-y))
	       (setq found-duplicate t))
	      (t (setq splicey y))))

      (unless found-duplicate
	(setq found-duplicate (with-set-keys (member key-val-x deleted-y))))

      (if found-duplicate
	  (if (null splicex)
	      (setq list1 (cdr x))
	      (rplacd splicex (cdr x)))
	  (setq splicex x)))))

(defun subsetp (list1 list2 &key key (test #'eql testp) (test-not nil notp))
  "Returns T if every element in list1 is also in list2."
  (declare (inline member))
  (dolist (elt list1)
    (unless (with-set-keys (member (apply-key key elt) list2))
      (return-from subsetp nil)))
  T)



;;; Functions that operate on association lists

(defun acons (key datum alist)
  "Construct a new alist by adding the pair (key . datum) to alist"
  (cons (cons key datum) alist))

(defun pairlis (keys data &optional (alist '()))
  "Construct an association list from keys and data (adding to alist)"
  (do ((x keys (cdr x))
       (y data (cdr y)))
      ((and (endp x) (endp y)) alist)
    (if (or (endp x) (endp y)) 
	(error "The lists of keys and data are of unequal length."))
    (setq alist (acons (car x) (car y) alist))))

;;; In run-time environment, since these guys can be inline expanded.
(defmacro assoc-guts (test-guy)
  `(do ((alist alist (cdr alist)))
       ((endp alist))
     (declare (optimize (inhibit-warnings 3)))
     (if (car alist)
	 (if ,test-guy (return (car alist))))))

(defun assoc (item alist &key key test test-not)
  "Returns the cons in alist whose car is equal (by a given test or EQL) to
   the Item."
  (cond (test
	 (if key
	     (assoc-guts (funcall test item (funcall key (caar alist))))
	     (assoc-guts (funcall test item (caar alist)))))
	(test-not
	 (if key
	     (assoc-guts (not (funcall test-not item
				       (funcall key (caar alist)))))
	     (assoc-guts (not (funcall test-not item (caar alist))))))
	(t
	 (if key
	     (assoc-guts (eql item (funcall key (caar alist))))
	     (assoc-guts (eql item (caar alist)))))))

(defun assoc-if (predicate alist &key key)
  "Returns the first cons in alist whose car satisfies the Predicate.  If
   key is supplied, apply it to the car of each cons before testing."
  (if key
      (assoc-guts (funcall predicate (funcall key (caar alist))))
      (assoc-guts (funcall predicate (caar alist)))))

(defun assoc-if-not (predicate alist &key key)
  "Returns the first cons in alist whose car does not satisfiy the Predicate.
  If key is supplied, apply it to the car of each cons before testing."
  (if key
      (assoc-guts (not (funcall predicate (funcall key (caar alist)))))
      (assoc-guts (not (funcall predicate (caar alist))))))


(defun rassoc (item alist &key key test test-not)
  (declare (list alist))
  "Returns the cons in alist whose cdr is equal (by a given test or EQL) to
   the Item."
  (cond (test
	 (if key
	     (assoc-guts (funcall test item (funcall key (cdar alist))))
	     (assoc-guts (funcall test item (cdar alist)))))
	(test-not
	 (if key
	     (assoc-guts (not (funcall test-not item
				       (funcall key (cdar alist)))))
	     (assoc-guts (not (funcall test-not item (cdar alist))))))
	(t
	 (if key
	     (assoc-guts (eql item (funcall key (cdar alist))))
	     (assoc-guts (eql item (cdar alist)))))))

(defun rassoc-if (predicate alist &key key)
  "Returns the first cons in alist whose cdr satisfies the Predicate.  If key
  is supplied, apply it to the cdr of each cons before testing."
  (if key
      (assoc-guts (funcall predicate (funcall key (cdar alist))))
      (assoc-guts (funcall predicate (cdar alist)))))

(defun rassoc-if-not (predicate alist &key key)
  "Returns the first cons in alist whose cdr does not satisfy the Predicate.
  If key is supplied, apply it to the cdr of each cons before testing."
  (if key
      (assoc-guts (not (funcall predicate (funcall key (cdar alist)))))
      (assoc-guts (not (funcall predicate (cdar alist))))))



;;;; Mapping functions.

(defun map1 (function original-arglists accumulate take-car)
  "This function is called by mapc, mapcar, mapcan, mapl, maplist, and mapcon.
  It Maps function over the arglists in the appropriate way. It is done when any
  of the arglists runs out.  Until then, it CDRs down the arglists calling the
  function and accumulating results as desired."

  (let* ((arglists (copy-list original-arglists))
	 (ret-list (list nil)) 
	 (temp ret-list))
    (do ((res nil)
	 (args '() '()))
	((dolist (x arglists nil) (if (null x) (return t)))
	 (if accumulate
	     (cdr ret-list)
	     (car original-arglists)))
      (do ((l arglists (cdr l)))
	  ((null l))
	(push (if take-car (caar l) (car l)) args)
	(setf (car l) (cdar l)))
      (setq res (apply function (nreverse args)))
      (case accumulate
	(:nconc (setq temp (last (nconc temp res))))
	(:list (rplacd temp (list res))
	       (setq temp (cdr temp)))))))


(defun mapc (function list &rest more-lists)
  "Applies fn to successive elements of lists, returns its second argument."
  (map1 function (cons list more-lists) nil t))

(defun mapcar (function list &rest more-lists)
  "Applies fn to successive elements of list, returns list of results."
  (map1 function (cons list more-lists) :list t))

(defun mapcan (function list &rest more-lists)
  "Applies fn to successive elements of list, returns NCONC of results."
  (map1 function (cons list more-lists) :nconc t))

(defun mapl (function list &rest more-lists)
  "Applies fn to successive CDRs of list, returns ()."
  (map1 function (cons list more-lists) nil nil))

(defun maplist (function list &rest more-lists)
  "Applies fn to successive CDRs of list, returns list of results."
  (map1 function (cons list more-lists) :list nil))

(defun mapcon (function list &rest more-lists)
  "Applies fn to successive CDRs of lists, returns NCONC of results."
  (map1 function (cons list more-lists) :nconc nil))


;;; Functions for compatibility sake:

(defun memq (item list)
  "Returns tail of list beginning with first element eq to item"
  (declare (inline member)
	   (optimize (inhibit-warnings 3))) ; from MEMBER optimizations
  (member item list :test #'eq))

(defun assq (item alist)
  "Return the first pair of alist where item EQ the key of pair"
  (declare (inline assoc))
  (assoc item alist :test #'eq))

(defun delq (item list)
  "Returns list with all elements with all elements EQ to ITEM deleted."
  (let ((list list))
    (do ((x list (cdr x))
	 (splice '()))
	((endp x) list)
      (cond ((eq item (car x))
	     (if (null splice) 
		 (setq list (cdr x))
		 (rplacd splice (cdr x))))
	    (T (setq splice x))))))	; move splice along to include element
